I can't see how it would be of much help, especially if you're using any sort of diffusion on your light sources as you're going to end up with light coming from all different angles. Part of the reason it works so well with sunlight is the fact that the sun is so far from us that the rays hitting the earth are essentially parallel. Maybe with a tightly focused spotlight you'd get a little effect, but it'll probably be minimal.
The limited use I could think of is if you wanted a bright light source in a scene of highly reflective surfaces you could possibly polarize the light itself, and then filter the reflections with an on-camera polarizer - but that's a complex setup and not something I've ever heard of actually being used.
Plus it's going to reduce your overall exposure by a couple of stops, which means you're going to need brighter lights just to get the correct exposure, or a faster lens or higher ISO to compensate. For most general shooting situations I can't see it being beneficial.