Is there a way to record dialogue between actors in the forest without catching excessive surrounding noise, especially cicadas?
2 matched directional mics, one in front of the actors aimed at them and one behind them aimed at the forest, sent to discreet tracks on your recorder - giving you one track with voices+cicadas and one with mostly just cicadas. Invert the phase of the cicada-only track and then adjust the mix of the two to minimize the cicada sounds. Note that this is a completely theoretical idea that I've never actually tried and probably won't actually work that well in practice, and is likely to result in weird flanging artifacts in your dialogue.
Only other thing I could think of would be to use something like Izotope RX's spectral repair to manually remove the individual cicada sounds - which might or might not work well and could be pretty tedious depending on how much dialogue you need to process. Might be worth testing though.
Just for fun - You can determine the approximate temperature (Fahrenheit) by using Dolbear's Law:
T = 50+[(N-40)/4]
T = temperature
N = number of chirps per minute
If you know the species of cicada or cricket you can calculate within +1/-1 degree Fahrenheit.